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Mortgage rates fell to yet another all-time low in the week ending 5th
November. Following a 1 basis point rise in the week prior, the 30-year
fixed rate declined by 3 basis point to 2.78%. It was the 12th record
low of the year.To get more news about WikiFX, you can visit wikifx.com official website.
Compared to this time last year, 30-year fixed rates were down by 91 basis points.
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30-year fixed rates were also down by 216 basis points since November 2018s most recent peak of 4.94%.
Economic Data from the Week
Economic data was on the heavier side in the 1st half of the week.
Key stats included the markets preferred ISM private sector PMIs and ADP Nonfarm Employment figures for October.
It was another mixed bag on the data front.
Manufacturing sector activity saw a further pickup in October, with the ISM Manufacturing PMI rising from 53.3 to 53.4.
The all-important ISM Services PMI fell from 57.8 to 56.6, however, which was somewhat disappointing.
ADP nonfarm employment change figures also disappointed. A 365k increase in October fell well short of Septembers 749k rise and a forecasted 650k increase.
While there were plenty of stats to consider, the U.S Presidential Election was the main event of the week.
A projected Joe Biden victory and a Republican hold of the Senate drove expectations of further monetary policy easing.
Policy gridlock on Capitol Hills is expected to place the onus on the FED to deliver support for the economic recovery.
There were also concerns over how Biden will influence, particularly with Biden unlikely to deliver planned infrastructure spending to support the economy.
Weekly figures released by the Mortgage Bankers Association showed that the Market Composite Index, which is a measure of mortgage loan application volume, increased by 3.8% in the week ending 30th October. In the week prior, the index had risen by 1.7%.
The Refinance Index increased by 6% and was 88% higher than the same week a year ago. In the previous week, the index had risen by 3%.
The refinance share of mortgage activity rose from 66.7% to 68.7%. In the week prior, the share had increased from 66.1% to 66.7%.Key stats include JOLTs job openings for September, which will garner some interest as the markets monitor the labor market recovery.
Nonfarm payroll and unemployment numbers for October were relatively upbeat last Friday. The weekly jobless claims figures continued to disappoint, however.
Away from the economic calendar, the markets will also continue to monitor chatter from Capitol Hill and COVID-19 news.
Compared to this time last year, 30-year fixed rates were down by 91 basis points.
[fx-dianomivideo-ad]
30-year fixed rates were also down by 216 basis points since November 2018s most recent peak of 4.94%.
Economic Data from the Week
Economic data was on the heavier side in the 1st half of the week.
Key stats included the markets preferred ISM private sector PMIs and ADP Nonfarm Employment figures for October.
It was another mixed bag on the data front.
Manufacturing sector activity saw a further pickup in October, with the ISM Manufacturing PMI rising from 53.3 to 53.4.
The all-important ISM Services PMI fell from 57.8 to 56.6, however, which was somewhat disappointing.
ADP nonfarm employment change figures also disappointed. A 365k increase in October fell well short of Septembers 749k rise and a forecasted 650k increase.
While there were plenty of stats to consider, the U.S Presidential Election was the main event of the week.
A projected Joe Biden victory and a Republican hold of the Senate drove expectations of further monetary policy easing.
Policy gridlock on Capitol Hills is expected to place the onus on the FED to deliver support for the economic recovery.
There were also concerns over how Biden will influence, particularly with Biden unlikely to deliver planned infrastructure spending to support the economy.
Weekly figures released by the Mortgage Bankers Association showed that the Market Composite Index, which is a measure of mortgage loan application volume, increased by 3.8% in the week ending 30th October. In the week prior, the index had risen by 1.7%.
The Refinance Index increased by 6% and was 88% higher than the same week a year ago. In the previous week, the index had risen by 3%.
The refinance share of mortgage activity rose from 66.7% to 68.7%. In the week prior, the share had increased from 66.1% to 66.7%.Key stats include JOLTs job openings for September, which will garner some interest as the markets monitor the labor market recovery.
Nonfarm payroll and unemployment numbers for October were relatively upbeat last Friday. The weekly jobless claims figures continued to disappoint, however.
Away from the economic calendar, the markets will also continue to monitor chatter from Capitol Hill and COVID-19 news.
Silver is holding steady in holiday thin markets for the open after it
took a blow on Friday and ended the day lower by 0.65%.To get more news
about WikiFX, you can visit wikifx.com official website.
New York traders started to pile into the US dollar on upbeat data and due to month-end. XAG/USD fell from a high of $26.19 and some change to a low near $25.80.
However, the bears will be looking for further dollar weakness for the time to come.
The greenback will be sensitive to the economic data coming through after the Fed's policy meeting on Wednesday where Feds Chair Jerome Powell said there was not enough evidence of “substantial further progress” toward recovery to warrant a change to its ultra-loose monetary settings.
We saw a 4.2% rebound in US consumer spending for March amid a 21.1% surge in income which resulted in a 0.4% rise in the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index.
This data was compared with a gain of 0.3% the previous month and as a result of the additional COVID-19 relief money from the government.
Also, the Chicago Purchasing Management Index (PMI) showed a reading for April of 72.1, the highest in almost four decades.
The week ahead includes US jobs data and the Consumer Price Index.
Considering the Fed's lower for longer, the US dollar would be expected to only react to extraordinary deviation from market expectations with respect to CPI. However, the daily resistance just below 26.00 was formed following a break of prior support on Thursday and failures at the area on a retest, the bears will be fully back in control for a break of recent lows at 25.71.
New York traders started to pile into the US dollar on upbeat data and due to month-end. XAG/USD fell from a high of $26.19 and some change to a low near $25.80.
However, the bears will be looking for further dollar weakness for the time to come.
The greenback will be sensitive to the economic data coming through after the Fed's policy meeting on Wednesday where Feds Chair Jerome Powell said there was not enough evidence of “substantial further progress” toward recovery to warrant a change to its ultra-loose monetary settings.
We saw a 4.2% rebound in US consumer spending for March amid a 21.1% surge in income which resulted in a 0.4% rise in the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index.
This data was compared with a gain of 0.3% the previous month and as a result of the additional COVID-19 relief money from the government.
Also, the Chicago Purchasing Management Index (PMI) showed a reading for April of 72.1, the highest in almost four decades.
The week ahead includes US jobs data and the Consumer Price Index.
Considering the Fed's lower for longer, the US dollar would be expected to only react to extraordinary deviation from market expectations with respect to CPI. However, the daily resistance just below 26.00 was formed following a break of prior support on Thursday and failures at the area on a retest, the bears will be fully back in control for a break of recent lows at 25.71.
A new image has emerged which is claimed to show the 'elite' version of
the Tottenham Hotspur 2021/22 Nike home shirt which the players will
showcase next week.Get more news about cheap Kids Mini shirt,you can vist futbolucl!
Spurs have already announced that Harry Kane & Co will be wearing their new home kit for the first time in their final home game of this season.That game will see Aston Villa visit the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium on Wednesday May 19 for the 6pm kick-off.
Fans have already had plenty of unofficial glimpses of the shirt in recent months but this is the first time an image purports to show the 'elite' matchday version the players will wear.It's a rather simple design with navy logos and the red AIA sponsor standing out on the plain white shirt. The top also has a nod to the past as inside the V-neck collar is the club's first ever badge to mark 100 years since it first appeared on their shirts.
Spurs have confirmed that the new home top does pay homage to the original cockerel design. Unlike this season's white socks, next season's home kit is expected to return to navy socks that match the shorts.They say that it will also feature the colour 'Venom Green', used for the club badge and Nike logo and will be released in July.
While it seems a long, long time away, some images claimed to be Tottenham kits for the 2022/23 season have already begun doing the rounds.
Footy Headlines again got the scoop, claiming that the Spurs home shirt for the season after next will feature a round neck and boast a navy trim with a "Volt" yellow through the centre of it.The Volt colour is reportedly set to be a consistent feature in many of Tottenham's future kits, including training wear.
The inside of the home shirt collar will reportedly contain the word 'Spurs' written numerous times in different forms, filled and outlined.The chest of the shirt in the images contains a semi-circular seam across it, which meets the base of the collar.
Spurs have already announced that Harry Kane & Co will be wearing their new home kit for the first time in their final home game of this season.That game will see Aston Villa visit the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium on Wednesday May 19 for the 6pm kick-off.
Fans have already had plenty of unofficial glimpses of the shirt in recent months but this is the first time an image purports to show the 'elite' matchday version the players will wear.It's a rather simple design with navy logos and the red AIA sponsor standing out on the plain white shirt. The top also has a nod to the past as inside the V-neck collar is the club's first ever badge to mark 100 years since it first appeared on their shirts.
Spurs have confirmed that the new home top does pay homage to the original cockerel design. Unlike this season's white socks, next season's home kit is expected to return to navy socks that match the shorts.They say that it will also feature the colour 'Venom Green', used for the club badge and Nike logo and will be released in July.
While it seems a long, long time away, some images claimed to be Tottenham kits for the 2022/23 season have already begun doing the rounds.
Footy Headlines again got the scoop, claiming that the Spurs home shirt for the season after next will feature a round neck and boast a navy trim with a "Volt" yellow through the centre of it.The Volt colour is reportedly set to be a consistent feature in many of Tottenham's future kits, including training wear.
The inside of the home shirt collar will reportedly contain the word 'Spurs' written numerous times in different forms, filled and outlined.The chest of the shirt in the images contains a semi-circular seam across it, which meets the base of the collar.
Both 27.5 and 29-inch wheels have been around for years now. While a
growing number of consumers are gravitating to 29-inch wheels, both
wheel sizes have their benefits, which is why we offer both 27.5 and
29er models. We also offer some mixed wheel size (aka, “mullet”) bikes,
which blend the benefits of both wheel sizes.To get more news about Mountain Wheels, you can visit zpebicycle.com official website.
Both wheel sizes appear frequently across the range of hardtail and full-suspension mountain bikes.
Here’s a quick rundown of the pros and cons of both 27.5 and 29-inch wheels and an introduction to the mullet wheel size option.27.5” wheels aren’t dead, in fact they’re very much alive for many riders who enjoy gravity disciplines such as downhill and enduro. They offer quick acceleration over any terrain and are perfect for manoeuvering through more technical stretches of trail. All things being equal, a 27.5” wheel will be lighter and stronger than its 29” counterpart simply because of its smaller size and shorter spoke lengths. This enables you to flick the bike around the trails at speed and ride over jumps a little bit easier compared to 29” wheels, an important consideration if you’re racing.
Smaller riders are often better suited to 27.5 inch wheelsets due to the drastic effect they have on the bike’s geometry in those frame sizes. When descending a steep trail, it’s possible to come into contact with a larger rear wheel as the rider shifts their weight towards the rear. This is the so-called crotch-to-tyre clearance! This issue is exacerbated on long travel mountain bikes hence many of our smaller mtb frame sizes come with 27.5” wheels.
The beauty of a bigger wheel is that it comes with much more rubber. You’ll have more contact with the ground over slippery rocks and rooty sections, which can give you a confidence boost where previously you didn’t. Across technical terrain, 29ers really come into their own thanks to their ability to roll over just about anything in their path with ease. Despite a slightly slower acceleration, 29 inch mountain bike wheels hold their momentum better than 27.5” wheels, so once you’re up to speed you’ll be able to hold it there for longer. Another advantage of bigger wheels is that they enable you to choose a faster line over rocks, roots and loose logs helping you arrive at the bottom of the trail first.
Both wheel sizes appear frequently across the range of hardtail and full-suspension mountain bikes.
Here’s a quick rundown of the pros and cons of both 27.5 and 29-inch wheels and an introduction to the mullet wheel size option.27.5” wheels aren’t dead, in fact they’re very much alive for many riders who enjoy gravity disciplines such as downhill and enduro. They offer quick acceleration over any terrain and are perfect for manoeuvering through more technical stretches of trail. All things being equal, a 27.5” wheel will be lighter and stronger than its 29” counterpart simply because of its smaller size and shorter spoke lengths. This enables you to flick the bike around the trails at speed and ride over jumps a little bit easier compared to 29” wheels, an important consideration if you’re racing.
Smaller riders are often better suited to 27.5 inch wheelsets due to the drastic effect they have on the bike’s geometry in those frame sizes. When descending a steep trail, it’s possible to come into contact with a larger rear wheel as the rider shifts their weight towards the rear. This is the so-called crotch-to-tyre clearance! This issue is exacerbated on long travel mountain bikes hence many of our smaller mtb frame sizes come with 27.5” wheels.
The beauty of a bigger wheel is that it comes with much more rubber. You’ll have more contact with the ground over slippery rocks and rooty sections, which can give you a confidence boost where previously you didn’t. Across technical terrain, 29ers really come into their own thanks to their ability to roll over just about anything in their path with ease. Despite a slightly slower acceleration, 29 inch mountain bike wheels hold their momentum better than 27.5” wheels, so once you’re up to speed you’ll be able to hold it there for longer. Another advantage of bigger wheels is that they enable you to choose a faster line over rocks, roots and loose logs helping you arrive at the bottom of the trail first.
Revel’s RW30 wheels have a lot of nifty selling points. They are,
according to Revel, 100% recyclable, and they’re made right here in the
United States. “There’s no environmentally harmful or brittle epoxy in
this carbon,” says the Revel website. Instead, the production process
uses “a toughened, high performance composite polymer that makes for a
significantly more durable, lighter, and better riding wheel with a nice
damped feel.”To get more news about carbon fiber wheels, you can visit zpebicycle.com official website.
Big promises there. My major concern when buying wheels for the longest time has been whether or not they will break because, hey, wheels are expensive — these RW30 wheels range in price from $700 for the rims to $2,200 for the top end build.
Of course, if I’m going to plunk down a lot of cash for a nice set of carbon hoops, it’s important to be more discerning. I’ve been riding the Revel RW30 wheels for the better part of a year now. And I can tell you with certainty that I like them a lot and they deliver on many of their promises. Revel has a good product here. Though I do have a few nitpicks.If you want to get into the nitty gritty about the construction of Revel’s RW30 wheels, be sure to click over to Zach’s excellent article here to get the deep dive.
The basic summary is this: instead of using epoxy to bond the carbon, Revel uses Fusion Fiber Technology. Revel says this polymer is sort of like nylon. It’s blended with unidirectional, long-fiber German and Japanese carbon. According to the Revel website, this polymer is “completely stable, has an unlimited shelf life, and doesn’t need to be stored in a refrigerated room like standard epoxy prepreg carbon.”The carbon is laid up robotically. Revel says this eliminates human error. The rim is flash-welded and cures in just 20 seconds, as opposed to around 45 minutes with a more traditional construction. There’s no epoxy to scrape when the wheel comes out of the mold. All of this means each rim comes out of the mold more consistently constructed.
What does that all mean for the ride? Fusion Fiber wheels are apparently far less brittle and prone to breakage than a standard carbon layup using epoxy. Nylon can absorb impacts better and lead to a more damped, comfortable ride.Revel also says the RW30 wheels are completely recyclable. “If we get a rim back that needs to be recycled, we remove the vinyl decals and drop the rim into a chipper to chop the rim up into small blocks about 1” square. Those chips are melted down into a block of material that can be turned into another part.”
Revel offers two hub options for the RW30 wheels. My test set is built up with Industry Nine’s Hydra hubs, which offer incredibly quick engagement — and a super-loud swarm-of-bees buzz. I run a Shimano XT drivetrain, so my hubs have a MicroSpline driver. You can save a few bucks and opt for the Industry Nine 1/1 hubs instead, if the price tag is your primary concern. For my money, the upgrade seems well worth it for the Hydra’s excellent engagement.
Big promises there. My major concern when buying wheels for the longest time has been whether or not they will break because, hey, wheels are expensive — these RW30 wheels range in price from $700 for the rims to $2,200 for the top end build.
Of course, if I’m going to plunk down a lot of cash for a nice set of carbon hoops, it’s important to be more discerning. I’ve been riding the Revel RW30 wheels for the better part of a year now. And I can tell you with certainty that I like them a lot and they deliver on many of their promises. Revel has a good product here. Though I do have a few nitpicks.If you want to get into the nitty gritty about the construction of Revel’s RW30 wheels, be sure to click over to Zach’s excellent article here to get the deep dive.
The basic summary is this: instead of using epoxy to bond the carbon, Revel uses Fusion Fiber Technology. Revel says this polymer is sort of like nylon. It’s blended with unidirectional, long-fiber German and Japanese carbon. According to the Revel website, this polymer is “completely stable, has an unlimited shelf life, and doesn’t need to be stored in a refrigerated room like standard epoxy prepreg carbon.”The carbon is laid up robotically. Revel says this eliminates human error. The rim is flash-welded and cures in just 20 seconds, as opposed to around 45 minutes with a more traditional construction. There’s no epoxy to scrape when the wheel comes out of the mold. All of this means each rim comes out of the mold more consistently constructed.
What does that all mean for the ride? Fusion Fiber wheels are apparently far less brittle and prone to breakage than a standard carbon layup using epoxy. Nylon can absorb impacts better and lead to a more damped, comfortable ride.Revel also says the RW30 wheels are completely recyclable. “If we get a rim back that needs to be recycled, we remove the vinyl decals and drop the rim into a chipper to chop the rim up into small blocks about 1” square. Those chips are melted down into a block of material that can be turned into another part.”
Revel offers two hub options for the RW30 wheels. My test set is built up with Industry Nine’s Hydra hubs, which offer incredibly quick engagement — and a super-loud swarm-of-bees buzz. I run a Shimano XT drivetrain, so my hubs have a MicroSpline driver. You can save a few bucks and opt for the Industry Nine 1/1 hubs instead, if the price tag is your primary concern. For my money, the upgrade seems well worth it for the Hydra’s excellent engagement.
What makes a tire fast? We went to Nastola, Finland to find out. There,
in the labs of Wheel Energy Oy — the best facility in the world for
evaluating rolling resistance — we tested 34 tire models to separate the
hype from the science.To get more news about mountain rims, you can visit zpebicycle.com official website.
Pushing a road bike at 40 kilometers per hour on a flat road demands power output in the range of 270–350 watts for most cyclists. Wind resistance takes up most of that. But the second largest constituent of drag is rolling resistance. For example, two tires with a rolling resistance of 50 watts each will eat up 100 watts to hold a 40kph pace. No wonder you feel so slow on thick, tough, touring tires.What we found out: While supple and wider tires roll fast, tread compound is paramount. Like most cyclists, we assumed that a fine-thread, non-vulcanized casing (its thread is spiral-wrapped around a drum with only raw liquid latex brushed over it and no heat added) would offer the least rolling resistance. But only one of the top five tires in the test was a non-vulcanized open tubular. The other four were fully vulcanized tires (the entire tire is cooked in a mold, melting the rubber throughout all of the layers) with casings strung on a “calendar” (a big loom on which rubber is pressed into the fabric).
So if you’re looking for a fast tire, don’t be afraid to go wide, and don’t have blind faith in conventional wisdom about compounds and tubes. The fastest tire in our test — the Specialized S-Works Turbo Tubeless Light — was vulcanized and full of sealant.
It’s striking to see that four of the top five tires in our test come from Specialized. But the truth is that all five come from the same tire design team. The 25-millimeter Continental GP 4000S II — which, with its Black Chili tread compound, has been one of the world’s best-selling high-end clinchers for years—was created by the same engineers now running tire development for Specialized.Wheel Energy evaluates bike tires on a 1,200-millimeter-diameter drum with an interchangeable surface. To simulate an average asphalt road, they use a steel surface with a diamond-plate tread pattern like you might find on metal stairs
The tires ranged in width from 22 to 26 millimeters and included standard clinchers, open tubulars, and tubeless versions. We tested them at 40kph with a load of 50 kilograms, each inflated to 116psi. To simulate the way we assumed most people will run these various models, we used 70-gram Bontrager XXX latex inner tubes in higher-end clinchers and 95-gram butyl tubes in less expensive ones. Tubeless tires took 25 grams of Bontrager TLR sealant.
All standard clinchers were mounted to Mavic Ksyrium Super Light wheels, while tubeless tires went onto Fulcrum Racing 1 wheels.
Wheel Energy has a rigorous calibration protocol that the company claims delivers an accuracy of ± 0.15 watts. This involves starting up the machine 12 hours before testing begins to bring the drum and room up to a standard temperature. Technicians then take three test measurements with three known tires to check for consistency. Finally, each tire runs for 10 minutes on the drum before any measurements are taken, to warm up, settle the tire shape, and work out internal stresses. The calibration procedure means the lab can test only two tires per hour.
Though Wheel Energy has found that the difference between two tires of the same model is rarely more than 0.1 or 0.2 watts, we tested two tires for each model and averaged the results. So we spent one hour testing each model in our lineup.
Pushing a road bike at 40 kilometers per hour on a flat road demands power output in the range of 270–350 watts for most cyclists. Wind resistance takes up most of that. But the second largest constituent of drag is rolling resistance. For example, two tires with a rolling resistance of 50 watts each will eat up 100 watts to hold a 40kph pace. No wonder you feel so slow on thick, tough, touring tires.What we found out: While supple and wider tires roll fast, tread compound is paramount. Like most cyclists, we assumed that a fine-thread, non-vulcanized casing (its thread is spiral-wrapped around a drum with only raw liquid latex brushed over it and no heat added) would offer the least rolling resistance. But only one of the top five tires in the test was a non-vulcanized open tubular. The other four were fully vulcanized tires (the entire tire is cooked in a mold, melting the rubber throughout all of the layers) with casings strung on a “calendar” (a big loom on which rubber is pressed into the fabric).
So if you’re looking for a fast tire, don’t be afraid to go wide, and don’t have blind faith in conventional wisdom about compounds and tubes. The fastest tire in our test — the Specialized S-Works Turbo Tubeless Light — was vulcanized and full of sealant.
It’s striking to see that four of the top five tires in our test come from Specialized. But the truth is that all five come from the same tire design team. The 25-millimeter Continental GP 4000S II — which, with its Black Chili tread compound, has been one of the world’s best-selling high-end clinchers for years—was created by the same engineers now running tire development for Specialized.Wheel Energy evaluates bike tires on a 1,200-millimeter-diameter drum with an interchangeable surface. To simulate an average asphalt road, they use a steel surface with a diamond-plate tread pattern like you might find on metal stairs
The tires ranged in width from 22 to 26 millimeters and included standard clinchers, open tubulars, and tubeless versions. We tested them at 40kph with a load of 50 kilograms, each inflated to 116psi. To simulate the way we assumed most people will run these various models, we used 70-gram Bontrager XXX latex inner tubes in higher-end clinchers and 95-gram butyl tubes in less expensive ones. Tubeless tires took 25 grams of Bontrager TLR sealant.
All standard clinchers were mounted to Mavic Ksyrium Super Light wheels, while tubeless tires went onto Fulcrum Racing 1 wheels.
Wheel Energy has a rigorous calibration protocol that the company claims delivers an accuracy of ± 0.15 watts. This involves starting up the machine 12 hours before testing begins to bring the drum and room up to a standard temperature. Technicians then take three test measurements with three known tires to check for consistency. Finally, each tire runs for 10 minutes on the drum before any measurements are taken, to warm up, settle the tire shape, and work out internal stresses. The calibration procedure means the lab can test only two tires per hour.
Though Wheel Energy has found that the difference between two tires of the same model is rarely more than 0.1 or 0.2 watts, we tested two tires for each model and averaged the results. So we spent one hour testing each model in our lineup.
With a long list of tangible benefits, it's no surprise optimizing
rolling stock is one of the most popular modifications undertaken by
riders. The wheels on your bike literally keep you moving and have a
considerable impact on your ride quality. Sure the drivetrain will push
you along, and the frame will also have a significant impact on ride
quality, but the wheels are the first element of the bike to feel road
vibrations, surface imperfections and changes in terrain.To get more
news about Carbon rims, you can visit zpebicycle.com official website.
One of the most important traits of a wheelset is its role in transferring your efforts on the bike to an outcome on the road, so matching the right wheels for your riding style is important, as is having a reliable set that still offers sound levels of performance.
So before you go shelling out for a shiny new set of hoops, give this buyer's guide a read for everything you need to know about road bike wheels.A bicycle wheel consists of four main components, all of which have an influence on weight, performance, and durability. Upgrading (or downgrading) these components can affect the ride quality, your effort output (speed) and braking performance so it's worth knowing a little about each, and how that relates to improved performance on the road.
Rim: The wheel's rim sits on the outside of the wheel and has two main functions; to hold the tire and provide a braking surface (for rim-brake bikes, not disc-equipped bikes). The rim width will affect the tire width which could have a significant impact on rider comfort, and the material of braking surface will impact braking performance.
Hub: The hub sits at the center and provides the axis of rotation. Within each hub, front and back, is the axle which attaches the wheel to the bike. On the rear wheel the hub features splines which a cassette attaches to. The bike's chain wraps around the sprockets of the cassette, and in association with the crankset and shifters, forms the bikes drivetrain which propels it forward. As well as propelling the bike forward, all road bike wheels (excluding fixed-wheel bikes) will use a rear hub with a 'freehub' mechanism which allows the bike to coast.
Spokes: Material that connects the hub and rim. The number of spokes will vary between front and rear wheels, the rear often featuring more spokes to improve strength and stiffness. More spokes typically means a stronger wheel but that comes with a weight penalty. Spokes are made from varying materials and come in different shapes to either optimize strength or improve aerodynamics, sometimes both. Most commonly spokes are made with steel wire, but can vary greatly in shape and diameter.
Nipples: Spokes attach to the wheel via a special nut called a 'nipple'. Nipples are important for adjusting spoke tension which will 'true' a wheel, making it straight when spun.
One of the most important traits of a wheelset is its role in transferring your efforts on the bike to an outcome on the road, so matching the right wheels for your riding style is important, as is having a reliable set that still offers sound levels of performance.
So before you go shelling out for a shiny new set of hoops, give this buyer's guide a read for everything you need to know about road bike wheels.A bicycle wheel consists of four main components, all of which have an influence on weight, performance, and durability. Upgrading (or downgrading) these components can affect the ride quality, your effort output (speed) and braking performance so it's worth knowing a little about each, and how that relates to improved performance on the road.
Rim: The wheel's rim sits on the outside of the wheel and has two main functions; to hold the tire and provide a braking surface (for rim-brake bikes, not disc-equipped bikes). The rim width will affect the tire width which could have a significant impact on rider comfort, and the material of braking surface will impact braking performance.
Hub: The hub sits at the center and provides the axis of rotation. Within each hub, front and back, is the axle which attaches the wheel to the bike. On the rear wheel the hub features splines which a cassette attaches to. The bike's chain wraps around the sprockets of the cassette, and in association with the crankset and shifters, forms the bikes drivetrain which propels it forward. As well as propelling the bike forward, all road bike wheels (excluding fixed-wheel bikes) will use a rear hub with a 'freehub' mechanism which allows the bike to coast.
Spokes: Material that connects the hub and rim. The number of spokes will vary between front and rear wheels, the rear often featuring more spokes to improve strength and stiffness. More spokes typically means a stronger wheel but that comes with a weight penalty. Spokes are made from varying materials and come in different shapes to either optimize strength or improve aerodynamics, sometimes both. Most commonly spokes are made with steel wire, but can vary greatly in shape and diameter.
Nipples: Spokes attach to the wheel via a special nut called a 'nipple'. Nipples are important for adjusting spoke tension which will 'true' a wheel, making it straight when spun.
This process utilizes machinery fitted with dies in order to transform
sheet metal into custom shapes at incredibly tight tolerances. The
manufacturer may even be able to complete the piece with a single stroke
of the press, which is known as a single-stage operation. More complex
pieces may require multiple strokes, which is referred to as a series
operation. Precision metal stamping is flexible and adaptable, and is
particularly beneficial for high-volume manufacturing.To get more news
about metal stamping manufacturers, you can visit tenral.com official website.
Its immense level of precision, even for complex parts, is what sets this process apart from similar machining options. Precision metal stamping machinery enables manufacturers to perform microstamping, crafting complex minuscule parts where even the smallest error could render the final product ineffective. The accuracy and efficiency of precision metal stamping in crafting these parts has created a high demand in industries ranging from automotive to aerospace.
Projects using precision metal stamping will typically begin with computer modeling, virtually simulating the stamping process to check for errors or defects. Once this testing is complete, the computer will send the design straight to the machinery in an efficient process that reduces the chances of human error.
Its immense level of precision, even for complex parts, is what sets this process apart from similar machining options. Precision metal stamping machinery enables manufacturers to perform microstamping, crafting complex minuscule parts where even the smallest error could render the final product ineffective. The accuracy and efficiency of precision metal stamping in crafting these parts has created a high demand in industries ranging from automotive to aerospace.
Projects using precision metal stamping will typically begin with computer modeling, virtually simulating the stamping process to check for errors or defects. Once this testing is complete, the computer will send the design straight to the machinery in an efficient process that reduces the chances of human error.
A new type of “heat-not-burn” cigarette may lead to just as much lung
damage as traditional cigarettes, a recent study suggests.To get more
news about Hitaste Hi10, you can visit hitaste.net official website.
So-called “heat-not-burn” devices are designed to heat disposable tobacco sticks and give users the taste of tobacco without the smoke or ash.
For the study, researchers analyzed data submitted by Philip Morris International to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration when the company was trying to win regulatory approval to market its I-Quit-Ordinary Smoking (IQOS) product as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes.
The FDA has yet to weigh in on whether Philip Morris can sell its IQOS device as a lower-risk cigarette alternative. But an expert scientific panel convened by the FDA recommended against such a move earlier this year, and the new study offers fresh evidence of health risks associated with IQOS.
When smokers switched from traditional cigarettes to “heat-not-burn” devices, researchers didn’t find any evidence of improvements in lung function or reductions in inflammation that can signal tobacco-related blood vessel damage.
“Even if a patient could switch completely from regular cigarettes to heat-not-burn products, Philip Morris International’s own data shows that there will continue to be significant health risks associated with these products,” said lead study author Dr. Farzad Moazed of the University of California, San Francisco.
“Although quitting smoking is challenging, there are many other options for smoking cessation that are more effective and safer than the use of these products,” Moazed said by email.
There is evidence that IQOS may reduce exposure to certain harmful chemicals, Moazed said, a point Philip Morris emphasized in a statement released after the FDA advisory panel decision. The totality of evidence available on IQOS supports that it is likely to present less risk of harm compared to continued smoking,” Philip Morris said in an emailed statement to Reuters Health. “This includes a significant reduction in inflammatory response and favorable changes in lung function.” (bit.ly/2QPuiVF)
“Heated tobacco products, also known as heat-not-burn products, generate a nicotine aerosol by heating sticks made up of tobacco and other chemicals without lighting them on fire,” Moazed said. “While this reduces the amount of some of the harmful chemicals associated with smoking, it increases the levels of other chemicals, and the evidence to date shows that these products continue to result in harm.”
While there’s limited data on the safety of IQOS relative to traditional cigarettes, and no long-term studies, the available evidence suggests that the devices are just as harmful to the lungs and immune system as traditional cigarettes, Moazed’s team concludes in Tobacco Control.
So-called “heat-not-burn” devices are designed to heat disposable tobacco sticks and give users the taste of tobacco without the smoke or ash.
For the study, researchers analyzed data submitted by Philip Morris International to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration when the company was trying to win regulatory approval to market its I-Quit-Ordinary Smoking (IQOS) product as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes.
The FDA has yet to weigh in on whether Philip Morris can sell its IQOS device as a lower-risk cigarette alternative. But an expert scientific panel convened by the FDA recommended against such a move earlier this year, and the new study offers fresh evidence of health risks associated with IQOS.
When smokers switched from traditional cigarettes to “heat-not-burn” devices, researchers didn’t find any evidence of improvements in lung function or reductions in inflammation that can signal tobacco-related blood vessel damage.
“Even if a patient could switch completely from regular cigarettes to heat-not-burn products, Philip Morris International’s own data shows that there will continue to be significant health risks associated with these products,” said lead study author Dr. Farzad Moazed of the University of California, San Francisco.
“Although quitting smoking is challenging, there are many other options for smoking cessation that are more effective and safer than the use of these products,” Moazed said by email.
There is evidence that IQOS may reduce exposure to certain harmful chemicals, Moazed said, a point Philip Morris emphasized in a statement released after the FDA advisory panel decision. The totality of evidence available on IQOS supports that it is likely to present less risk of harm compared to continued smoking,” Philip Morris said in an emailed statement to Reuters Health. “This includes a significant reduction in inflammatory response and favorable changes in lung function.” (bit.ly/2QPuiVF)
“Heated tobacco products, also known as heat-not-burn products, generate a nicotine aerosol by heating sticks made up of tobacco and other chemicals without lighting them on fire,” Moazed said. “While this reduces the amount of some of the harmful chemicals associated with smoking, it increases the levels of other chemicals, and the evidence to date shows that these products continue to result in harm.”
While there’s limited data on the safety of IQOS relative to traditional cigarettes, and no long-term studies, the available evidence suggests that the devices are just as harmful to the lungs and immune system as traditional cigarettes, Moazed’s team concludes in Tobacco Control.
With just 2,246 of those applicants being from China, international
applicants from countries other than the US increased by a “remarkable”
53%. Students will now have to compete for one of 500 places.To get more
news about education in shanghai china, you can visit shine news official website.
“With its three global campuses and academic centres around the world, NYU was able to respond with lightning speed at the start of the pandemic by shifting students to other campuses or study-away sites, and creating the ‘Go Local’ program,” said Annie Lu, director of admissions at NYU Shanghai.
“I don’t think there is another university anywhere that can match the options we’ve provided to our students.”International students at other Chinese universities however have suggested the fact NYU Shanghai has been the sole university whose international students have been permitted to return to China may have played a role in record enrolments.
NYU Shanghai previously told The PIE News students were allowed to return last autumn as part of “a test case for the safe return of international students” but declined to give further details.
They would not comment on whether the next intake of students would also be permitted to enter the country.
Meanwhile the China International Students Union is continuing its campaign to open the borders to international students but they have found little support from China’s higher education stakeholders, the government or their universities.He has called for “greater communication and compassion to students whose lives and education have been disrupted by travel restrictions” and for the Chinese authorities’ approach to “include consistency and equal treatment of all international higher education students”.
“Until that time, more international students might question their decision to study in China, especially as counterparts return to schools elsewhere,” he said.
“With its three global campuses and academic centres around the world, NYU was able to respond with lightning speed at the start of the pandemic by shifting students to other campuses or study-away sites, and creating the ‘Go Local’ program,” said Annie Lu, director of admissions at NYU Shanghai.
“I don’t think there is another university anywhere that can match the options we’ve provided to our students.”International students at other Chinese universities however have suggested the fact NYU Shanghai has been the sole university whose international students have been permitted to return to China may have played a role in record enrolments.
NYU Shanghai previously told The PIE News students were allowed to return last autumn as part of “a test case for the safe return of international students” but declined to give further details.
They would not comment on whether the next intake of students would also be permitted to enter the country.
Meanwhile the China International Students Union is continuing its campaign to open the borders to international students but they have found little support from China’s higher education stakeholders, the government or their universities.He has called for “greater communication and compassion to students whose lives and education have been disrupted by travel restrictions” and for the Chinese authorities’ approach to “include consistency and equal treatment of all international higher education students”.
“Until that time, more international students might question their decision to study in China, especially as counterparts return to schools elsewhere,” he said.
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